BSAD 8480
EXECUTIVE MBA
APPLICATIONS IN ECONOMICS: TECHNOLOGY
Fall 2003
(last revised:
Arthur
Diamond
Office: RH 512E
Office
Phone: (402) 554-3657
Office
Hours:
Email
address: adiamond@mail.unomaha.edu
World
Wide Web home page:
http://cba.unomaha.edu/faculty/adiamond/web/diahompg.htm
Course Objectives:
Economics consists of tools of analysis that have proven
useful in explaining a wide variety of human behavior. Roughly one third of the course aims to
familiarize the student with those tools from price theory in general, and the
theory of the firm in particular, that promise to be especially useful to the
business manager in anticipating and affecting the economic situation of the
firm. Included in this part of the
course will be: the basic tools of
supply and demand, the determinants of demand, and the general prospects for
accurate economic forecasting. Roughly
the other two thirds of the course will focus on the main driver of economic
growth, opportunities for profit, and risks due to a changing environment: new technology, with a special emphasis on e-business. One of the aims of this part of the course to
see if we can reach useful generalizations about which new technologies and eBusiness
models are likely to succeed and which are likely to fail.
Texts:
Economics
custom McGraw-Hill Primis Online selection from: Brickley, Smith & Zimmerman. Managerial
Economics And Organizational
Architecture, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 2003. [ISBN # 0-390-36787-7]
Christensen, Clayton M.
The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book that Will Change the
Way You Do Business. Harper Books,
2000. [ISBN # 0-06-662069-4] {paperback
edition}
Foster, Richard and Sarah Kaplan. Creative
Destruction: Why Companies that Are
Built to Last Underperform the Market---and How to Successfully Transform Them. Currency Books, 2001. [ISBN # 0385501331],
Gates, Bill. Business @ the Speed of Thought.
Gilder, George. Telecosm: The World After Bandwidth Abundance.
Touchstone Books, 2002. {paperback edition}
[ISBN # 0743205472]
Grove, Andrew S. Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points that Challenge
Every Company. Bantam Books,
1999. [ISBN # 0385483821] {paperback
edition} {Warren Buffet says this is a great book.)
Shapiro, Carl and Hal R. Varian. Information
Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network
Economy.
Summary of
Read Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman text, Chs. 1-7 (omit the
appendices in Chs. 4 and 5).
Details:
Read Foster and Kaplan, Creative Destruction, Introduction (pp. 1-6);
Read Grove, Only the
Paranoid Survive, initial Schumpeter quote; Preface (pp. 3-7); Chs. 1-2
(pp. 11-35).
Read Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma, Introduction (pp.
xi-xxxii); Ch. 1 up to appendix 1.1 (pp. 3-26); Ch. 11 (pp. 257-261).
Read Gates, Business @
the Speed of Thought, Introduction (pp. xiii-xxii), Ch. 1 (pp. 3-21).
Read Gilder, Telecosm,
Prologue (pp. 1-11): Chs. 6-9 (pp. 61-109);
Read Shapiro and Varian, Information
Rules, Preface (pp. ix-x), Ch. 1 (1-51).
Course Outline:
The course outline is
tentative for several reasons. One is
that I have an invitation out to an outside speaker, and we will need to
accommodate his preferences in day and time.
Another reason for tentativeness is the desire to make modifications in
the schedule based on student interests, current events, and my own efforts at
continuous quality improvement.
Assignment to prepare for
Session 1:
Read Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman text, Chs. 1-3. [See “Summary of Reading Assignments” on p. 2
of this syllabus for pages assigned.]
Work on reading book you selected for your critical review.
Session 1—September 26:
Main topics:
·
Why technology matters.
·
What to expect from course.
·
Basic price theory:
supply and demand.
·
Elasticity.
·
Research tools in economics of technology and eBusiness;
writing and presenting clearly.
·
Double Oral Auction experiment.
Assignment to prepare for
Session 2:
Read Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman text, Chs. 4-7 (omit the
appendices in Chs. 4 and 5). [See
“Summary of Reading Assignments” on p. 2 of this syllabus for pages assigned.]
Read Foster and Kaplan, Creative Destruction, Introduction (pp. 1-6);
[The Grove and Christensen books below, will not be discussed
for a couple more sessions, but are “assigned” here, to clear time for other
activities, like studying for the midterm, and preparing the
papers/presentations.]
Read Grove, Only the
Paranoid Survive, initial Schumpeter quote; Preface (pp. 3-7); Chs. 1-2
(pp. 11-35).
Read Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma, Introduction (pp.
xi-xxxii); Ch. 1 up to appendix 1.1 (pp. 3-26); Ch. 11 (pp. 257-261).
Continue reading book you selected for your critical review.
Session 2—October 10:
Main topics:
·
The goals of the firm.
·
Production and costs.
·
Pure competition model.
·
Economics as optimizing at the
margin; implications for internal firm pricing; implications for management
theories promoting "teams," "just‑in‑time," and
"total quality management."
·
Standard account of monopoly.
·
Price discrimination.
·
In between competition and
monopoly.
·
The standard account of monopolies
vs. Schumpeter's process of "creative destruction."
·
Government regulation of firms.
·
The law of comparative advantage
and international trade.
·
Economic analysis of "Buy
the Big O First" campaign.
Assignment to prepare for
Session 3:
Study for midterm.
Session 3—October 24:
Main topics:
·
2 hour midterm
·
Application of economics to
International Experience projects.
·
Economic vs. mechanical
forecasting.
Assignment to prepare for
Session 4:
Read Gates, Business @
the Speed of Thought, Introduction (pp. xiii-xxii), Ch. 1 (pp. 3-21).
Complete reading and writing for critical review.
Choose topic for second presentation/paper and email choice to
Diamond.
Session 4— November 7:
Main topics:
Presentation
by Walter Scott, former CEO of Peter Kiewit.
·
3-5 page critical reviews due.
·
Student 3-5 minute oral summaries of critical reviews.
Assignment to prepare for Session 5:
Read Gilder, Telecosm,
Prologue (pp. 1-11): Chs. 6-9 (pp. 61-109);
Read Shapiro and Varian, Information
Rules, Preface (pp. ix-x), Ch. 1 (1-51).
Work on research for short paper/presentation.
Session 5— November 14:
Main topics:
·
Discussion of Only the Paranoid Survive.
·
Discussion of The Innovator’s Dilemma.
·
Discussion of Creative Destruction.
·
Discussion of Business @ the Speed of Thought.
o
Does eBusiness Make the Market More Efficient: Prices, Information, and Variety of Products.
o
Does eBusiness Make Firms More Efficient: Marketing, Forecasting, Inventory/Production,
Human Resources; Decentralization.
o
Does eBusiness Benefit the Worker, and the Small Firm?
·
Discussion of Telecosm.
o
The Economics of Infrastructure and Bandwidth.
·
Discussion of Information Rules.
o
Exploration and analysis of auction sites.
Assignment for Session 6:
Complete technology (or eBusiness) 7 page paper and technology
(or eBusiness) 5 minute presentation.
Session 6—November 21:
Main topics:
·
Technology (or eBusiness) 7 page paper due.
·
Technology (or eBusiness) 5 minute presentations.
·
Course evaluation.
·
Practical Issues in Successful eBusiness: the Matrix of Change.
Grades:
Grades will be based on: a
midterm (30 points), an early 3-5 page critical review (30 points), a later 7
page paper (50 points), an early 3-5 minute presentation (5 points), and a
later 5 minute presentation (15 points), a take-home integrative essay final
(40), emphasizing the readings and presentations on the technology and eBusiness
portions of the course. The total number
of points in the course is 170.
The
grading scale for the course will be no harsher than the following standard
scale:
|
Grade |
Percents |
Points |
|
A+ |
97-100 |
165-170 |
|
A |
93- 96 |
158-164 |
|
A- |
90- 92 |
153-157 |
|
B+ |
87- 89 |
147-152 |
|
B |
83- 86 |
141-146 |
|
B- |
80- 82 |
136-140 |
|
C+ |
77- 79 |
130-135 |
|
C |
73- 76 |
124-129 |
|
C- |
70- 72 |
119-123 |
|
D+ |
67- 69 |
113-118 |
|
D |
63- 66 |
107-112 |
|
D- |
60- 62 |
102-106 |
|
F |
59 or less |
101 or less |
Missing Tests or Deadlines:
Handing in a paper late, or giving a
presentation late, or getting a test done late, will result in a 10% penalty
for up to three weeks late, 15% penalty for 3-5 weeks late, 20% penalty for 5-7
weeks late, etc. With credible
explanation, each student may be late in completing an assignment once during
the semester (for up to three weeks), without accruing any penalty.
Any student who misses more than two
full class sessions, will be given an incomplete for the course and will need
to take the course again the following year.
Critical Review and Presentation:
Each student
will write a three to five page critical review that summarizes and evaluates a
book published in the past five years that appears to treat some
business-relevant aspect of technology, innovation, or eBusiness. The student will also give a three to five
minute oral PowerPoint presentation of the critical review. The written
critical review, and associated PowerPoint slides, should be submitted in paper
form and also in digital form in Diamond’s digital drop box in Blackboard. Please name the file with an abbreviated
title of your book. The review, with due
attribution to you as the author, will be posted either to Blackboard or to
Diamond’s web site (or both) for future students to read and study.
Short Paper and Presentation:
Each student will select a current
technology or e-business whose future profitability is a matter of serious
disagreement among knowledgeable observers.
The point is that to be an interesting and challenging case, the
technology or eBusiness must be one where there is some disagreement about its
future success or failure. The short paper should be submitted in paper
form and also in digital form in Diamond’s digital drop box in Blackboard. The short paper, with due attribution to you
as the author, will be posted either to Blackboard or to Diamond’s web site (or
both) for future students to read and study.
Instructions for Writing (Applies
Both to Critical Review of Book, and to Technology/eBusiness 7-Page Paper)
The analysis should be written to be
understandable by the CEO of an average, middle‑sized firm. That means you should assume that you are
writing for someone who is intelligent, interested, and short on time.
The body of the critical review
should be three to five pages, not counting the title page. A bibliography should be included that gives
a full citation for the book reviewed.
(Meaning: authors, full title,
city of publication, publisher, and year of publication.) No other sources need be used for the
critical review, but if they are, the sources should be included in the
bibliography.
The body of the paper (not including
title page and bibliography) should be seven pages in length. Each page in the body of the paper should be
consecutively numbered. All pages of
both the critical review and the short paper should be double spaced, with a 12
point font size. Margins should be an
inch and a half all around, to accommodate the instructor’s poor
handwriting. Please do not put your
paper in a special binder that would limit the space for my comments. Instead, staple or clip it together.
Endnotes
should be used only if really necessary.
When a source is used in the text, internal references should be given
in the text that consist of a parenthetical mention of the author's last name,
the date of the publication and a specific page number (if appropriate). Copying the work of others without
attribution is a form of intellectual theft known as plagiarism, and is a major
offense among scholars (and other civilized people). For each brief parenthetical reference, a
complete bibliographic reference should be provided in the Bibliography. For bibliography form, use the sample
bibliography, provided later in this syllabus.
For issues not covered in the sample bibliography, use style form A as
discussed in The Chicago Manual of Style
(e.g., see section 16.5 in the 13th edition).
Before you turn in your final draft, be sure to submit it to a spell‑checking
program (available with all major word‑processing programs).
As you work on the text of your critical review or paper, be sure to periodically backup your latest draft onto a floppy disk. Also be sure to keep a clean copy of your paper for your files‑‑the copy you turn in to me will be marked‑up in red ink.
Critical Review of a Monograph on Technology, Innovation, or eBusiness
The review should
summarize the substantive content of the book, stating the main themes or
theses in each major section. The review
should state the intended audience for the book, the clarity of the writing
style, and the accuracy and usefulness of the information and analysis in the
book. The first PowerPoint slide for the
presentation should include the presenter’s name, the date of presentation, the
book authors, and book title.
7 Page Paper Options
Option 1: New Technology 7-Page
Paper Option:
The main goal of
option 1 is to help us get a jump on what future technologies may be important
in the future. Importance can be
discussed in several senses.
ü
Will it be possible to make this
technology “work” (i.e., do what the projections say it will do).
o
If so, at what cost?
ü
Will this technology ever be widely
used in the economy?
o
What will the costs of production be?
o
What utility will it provide to the
market?
ü
If so, how great a contribution will
it make to economic growth?
o
Will it be a “general purpose”
technology?
o
How much of an improvement will it be
over the next-best alternatives?
ü
How likely will this technology be an
opportunity for corporate profit?
o
If yes, is it likely to be
successfully developed by the firms currently developing it, or by others later
on?
To answer the above
questions, some of the following issues will often be relevant:
· How compatible is the new technology with current technology and human capital?
·
Does this technology increase consumer utility at a
price that enough consumers are willing to pay?
·
What are the substitutes or competitors for this
technology?
·
Is the firm size appropriate for introducing this new
technology (issues of access to capital, flexibility of structure, etc.)?
· Is the government regulating or subsidizing this technology (or apt to do so in the future)?
·
Does the firm have access to the necessary science
(either internally by employing scientists, or externally through relationships
with universities or industry consortiums)?
Below I have listed
some sources of ideas for possible future technologies and some specific
examples:
Some sources:
examples from your company's current
experience
examples from your own current
experience
examples from your reading of current
articles or books
examples from 2001-2003
"Developments to Watch" from Business
Week
examples from Business 2.0, or Technology
Review
Some possible examples:
Wireless sensor networks (Technology Review Feb. 03, p. 37)
Injectable tissue engineering (Technology Review Feb. 03, p. 38)
Mechatronics (Technology Review Feb. 03, pp. 40-41)
Grid computing (putting idle computer
power to work) [e.g., Red Herring,
10/02, pp. 38-41; also: Technology Review, 5/02, pp. 30-37; Technology Review Feb. 03, pp. 41-42]
Molecular imaging (Technology Review Feb. 03, p. 42)
Glycomics (Technology Review Feb. 03, pp. 46 & 48)
Electroactive polymers (Technology Review Dec. 02/Jan. 03, p.
32)
electronic paper (e.g., e Ink’s
technology) [see: MIT Technology Insider
sample issue downloadble at http://www.technologyinsider.com/sample.pdf]
G3 phone technology
Vocera communicator badge (allows
communication without dialing or holding handset) [see. Business 2.0, 10/2002, p. 77]
Flash-OFDM (Flarion’s superfast
wireless ‘G4’ technology) [e.g., Red
Herring, 10/2002, pp. 35-37]
Flying cars (e.g., Moller’s skycar) (e.g.,
WSJ,
Some specific aspect of nanotechnology
e.g., biosensors for
diagnosis: Technology Review, 5/2002, pp 61-66)
e.g.,
carbon nanotubes (super-strong structures; mass production starting at Carbon
Nanotech Research Institute (subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); Business 2.0, 9/2002, p. 36)
e.g.,
nano biomaterials (Technology Review,
11/02, p. 35)
e.g.,
Nano solar cells (Technology Review
Feb. 03, p. 38)
e.g.,
Nanoimprint lithography (Technology
Review Feb. 03, pp. 42-44)
Polymer memory (Technology Review, 9/02, p. 31)
fuel cells to power home (e.g, WSJ,
electronic nose (e.g., WSJ,
Cheap chip for talking to appliances
(like refrigerators) (e.g., WSJ,
reusable rocket (e.g., on Rotary
Rocket: World-Herald,
biochip interface (see WSJ ?/31/97, pp. B1 & B14.)
patentable stem-cell-related medical
advances (e.g., the Geron company)
Option 2: eBusiness
7-Page Paper Option:
Under
this option, the student should provide information on:
·
The firm’s history.
·
The firm’s business model.
·
The economic plausibility of the firm’s business model.
·
The value over time of the firm’s stock, revenue, and
profits.
·
The firm’s future prospects for profitability.
·
The analysis of the firm by “experts” in the press and
elsewhere.
Experts
can include, but should not be limited to, the stock sector analysts of the
major investment firms. Academic experts
and reputable journalists should be given greater emphasis due to the frequent
conflicts of interest among investment firm analysts.
Sources that will be searched for relevant information
include the main eBusiness journal: Business 2.0. Students should also look
for relevant information sources such as Lexis-Nexis, and the Yahoo Finance web
site.
Among the
companies that might be studied are the ones listed below. Companies preceded by an asterisk have been
added to the list more recently.
*Ask Jeeves (listed as “projecting higher operating
profits” in World-Herald,
Avistar
Communications (AVSR); Gilder likes in 9/02 Report.
Bizrate
BlueArc
(data storage; Gilder likes; N.Y.T.,
ContentGuard (digital rights company spun off of Xerox
PARC; see: Technology Review Jan./Feb. 2001, p. 101)
Digital Fountain (praised by Gilder)
DoubleClick
Epinions
*FindWhat.com (listed as a publicly traded internet
“money maker” in World-Herald,
ForSaleByOwner.com
Hotwire
(competitor to Priceline: WSJ,
Infinera
(1st integrated photonic circuit; Red Herring, 4/2002, pp. 41-44)
*InfoSpace, Inc. (listed as good chance for profits soon
in World-Herald,
Kazaa (a Napster
replacement)
Listen.com
(praised by Gilder)
*LivePerson, Inc. (manages online chat sessions for
companies like eBay and Microsoft; NYT,
*LookSmart (listed as “projecting higher operating
profits” in World-Herald,
*MarketWatch (listed as “projecting higher operating
profits” in World-Herald,
MySimon
*Netflix, Inc. (see: Business
2.0 July 2003, pp. 41-43; listed as good chance for profits soon in World-Herald,
*Overstock.com
(listed as good chance for profits soon in World-Herald,
*Overture Services, Inc. (listed as a publicly traded
internet “money maker” in World-Herald,
*Quill.com
*Quixtar.com
SyncIt
*Tropos
Networks, Inc. (deploying wi-fi systems; NYT,
*USA Interactive (Barry Diller’s growing set of online
companies, including Citysearch, NYT
WorldStreet
(peer-to-peer; WSJ
Also: Any of the companies that Gilder discusses in
his appendix entitled “Nine Stars of the Telecosm” in his Telecosm, except for JDS Uniphase and Broadcon, which have been
done recently in a previous class.
Sample Form for Bibliographic References for the 7-Page Paper
The
following sample bibliography is intended to illustrate the required reference
format for several different kinds of publications. The last entry is for a web resource, and
gives an example where a lot of information is available---you may not always
be able to provide quite as much detail, but should provide what you can. (The last entry is adapted from: http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/guides/chicagogd.html)
Ackermann,
Robert John. Data, Instruments and Theory.
Acs, Zoltan J.,
David B. Audretsch and Maryann P. Feldman. "Real Effects of Academic
Research: Comment." The American
Economic Review 82, no. 1 (March 1992): 363-367.
Adams, James D.
"Fundamental Stocks of Knowledge and Productivity Growth." Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 4
(August 1990): 673-702.
Alchian, Armen
A. "Private Property and the Relative Cost of Tenure." In Economic Forces at Work.
American
Chemical Society. Directory of Graduate
Research l989.
Becker, William
E., Jr. "Maintaining Faculty Vitality through Collective
Bargaining." In Shirley M. Clark
and Darrell R. Lewis, eds. Faculty
Vitality and Institutional Productivity: Critical Perspectives for Higher
Education.
Davis,
Diamond, Arthur M.,
Jr. "Age and the Acceptance of Cliometrics." The Journal of Economic History 40, no. 4 (December 1980): 838-841.
"The
Career Consequences of Accepting a Scientific Mistake." working paper,
1992.
Friedman,
Garfield, Eugene,
(chairman). Science Citation Index.
Lucas, Robert
E., Jr. "Incentives for
Ideas." New York Times (April 13,
1981): 23.
Moore, Rich.
"Compaq Computer: COMPAQ Joins the Fortune 500 Faster Than Any Company in
History." In Businesswire [database online].
Some Core Price Theory Competencies
that You
Should Have from the Course:
The following list highlights some core competencies that you should master during the first third of the course. You can reasonably expect that several of these competencies will be tested in some form on the midterm exam. Other material from the first two sessions of the course may also appear on the midterm. But mastering all of these competencies would take you a long way in preparing successfully for the midterm.
1.
Know the most common types of
elasticities of supply and demand, and how to interpret them.
2.
Know how to use a supply and demand
curve graph to do basic comparative statics analysis.
3.
Know the implications of the Double
Oral Auction experiment for demand theory.
4.
Know how to interpret the standard
graphical analysis of the optimal quantity, price, and profit level for firms
under pure competition and under monopoly.
5.
Know the likely impact of government
price floors and price ceilings.
6.
Know the meaning of “opportunity
cost.”
7.
Know how to identify the point of
diminishing returns on a graph of the firm’s output curve (as a function of an
input).
8.
Know the four basic conditions that
define perfect competition.
9.
Know what price discrimination is, and
what the conditions are for it to be feasible and profitable.
10.
Know the difference between the
long-run equilibrium of a monopolistically competitive industry with the
long-equilibrium of a perfectly competitive and a monopolistic industry.
11.
Know what a natural monopoly is.
12.
Know how the prisoner’s dilemma game
is useful in analyzing the behavior of cartels.
13.
Know the meaning of the “capture”
theory of regulatory agencies.
14.
Know how Schumpeter’s account of
monopoly differs from the standard account.
15.
Know the significance of the Standard
Oil and Brown Shoe cases, including why the courts reached decisions against each
company.
16.
Know the meaning of the “law of
comparative advantage.”
Recommended Supplementary
Some Sources Mentioned in Lectures:
Baily, Martin Neil. “Distinguished Lecture on Economics in
Government: The New Economy: Post Mortem or Second Wind?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no.
2 (Fall 2000): 23-48.
Bettmann, Otto L. The
Good Old Days-They Were Terrible!
Boorstin, Daniel J. “An Odd Couple: Discoverers and Inventors, Ch. 3 in Cleopatra’s Nose: Essays on the Unexpected.
Bresnahan, Timothy F., Erik
Brynjolfsson, and Lorin M. Hitt.
“Information Technology, Workplace Organizational and the Demand for
Skilled Labor: Firm-level Evidence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 117 (Feb.
2002): 339-376. (Earlier draft downloadable at: http://ecommerce.mit.edu/erik/ITW-final.pdf)
Brown, Jeffrey R. and Austan
Goolsbee. “Does the Internet Make
Markets More Competitive? Evidence from
the Life Insurance Industry.” Journal of
Political Economy 110, no. 3 (June 2002):
481-507.
Brynjolfsson, Erik, A. Renshaw
and Marshall Van Alstyne.
“The Matrix of Change: A Tool for Business Process Reengineering.” Sloan
Management Review (Winter
1997): 37-54.
Brynjolfsson, Erik and Lorin M.
Hitt. “Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational
Transformation and Business Performance.” Journal
of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 4 (Fall 2000): 23-48.
Brynjolfsson, Erik and Michael
D. Smith. “Frictionless Commerce? A Comparison of Internet and Conventional
Retailers.” Management Science 46, no. 4 (April 2000): 563-585. (Earlier draft downloadable at: http://ecommerce.mit.edu/papers/friction/friction.pdf)
Brynjolfsson, Erik, Thomas W.
Malone, Vijay Gurbaxani, and Ajit Kambil.
"An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Information
Technology and Firm Size.” Management Science 40, 12 (1994)
(Earlier draft downloadable at: http://ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP123/CCSWP123.html)
Buchanan, James M. and Yong J.
Yoon, eds. The Return to Increasing Returns.
Carroll, Paul. Big
Blues: The Unmaking of IBM.
Chernow, Ron. Titan: the Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
Christensen, Clayton M., Scott D. Anthony and Erik A. Roth. “Innovation in the Telecommunications
Industry: Separating Hype from
Reality.” Oct. 2001 working paper.
Collins, James C. and Jerry I.
Porras. Built to Last: Successful Habits
of Visionary Companies.
Crandall, B.C., ed. Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance.
Darnton, Robert. George
Washington's False Teeth: An
Unconventional Guide to the Eighteenth Century. W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. [ISBN: 0393057607]
Darnton, Robert. "George Washington's False Teeth."
David, Paul A., "The
Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox." American Economic Review 80, no. 2 (May 1990): 355-361.
DeLong, J. Bradford and
Gates, Bill. “Introduction” in Business @ the Speed of Thought.
_____.
Hippel, Eric von. The Sources
of Innovation.
Kritzman, Mark. "What Practitioners Need to Know About
Regressions." Financial Analysts Journal 47, no. 3 (May-June 1991): 12-15.
Landes, David S. The
Wealth and Poverty of Nations.
Mansfield, Edwin. Technological
Change.
McCloskey, Donald. "Economical Writing." Economic
Inquiry 23 (April 1985):
187-222. (HB21.W43)
Mokyr, Joel. The
Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress.
Mowery, David C. and Nathan
Rosenberg. Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth.
Nordhaus, William D. "Do Real-Output and Real-Wage Measures
Capture Reality? The History of Light Suggests Not.” In Robert J. Gordon and Timothy F. Bresnahan,
eds., The Economics of New Goods.
Packard, David. The
Passell, Peter. "Wine Equation Puts some Noses Out of
Joint." The New York Times (March 4, 1990): 1.
Peters, Thomas J. and Robert H.
Waterman, Jr. In Search of Excellence: Lessons
from
Rich, Ben R. and Leo
Janos. Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir
of My Years at Lockheed.
Robinson, Peter. "Paul Romer.” Forbes.
(
Rosenberg, Nathan. Exploring
the Black Box.
Rosenberg, Nathan. Inside
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